International Spinal Cord Regeneration Center


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Postulated Modes of Action

Agent

Process/Definitions

Action

Embryonic cells from species that have 9 months gestation period. Defined as cells in the first trimester of development. First trimester cells are observed to be "process specific," whereas later developed fetal cells become increasingly "organism specific" through biological differentiation.
Embryonic organ cells (e.g., spinal and brainstem). Organ cells which are chosen to correspond with injured host organ. Cells gradually assume morphology and growth processes of the host rather than the donar organism at the appropriate organ site.
Injected embryonic organ cells. Enter blood stream of host organism and migrate to appropriate organ site. The cellular material is brought to the organ site through macrophage (white cells).
Embryonic cells at organ site (e.g., spinal cord injury). Cells assume normal growth process of the host organism. Neural fibers sprout and gradually develop at injury site.
New neural fibers. Develop new neural matrix that forms bridge across injury site. Fibers begin first to receive and transmit sensory data, which requires less specific pathway differentiation than motor pathways.
New neural matrix. The growing neural matrix is provided with specific pathway excitation through muscular movements generated systematically during physical rehabilitation regimen. Excitation patterns stimulate growth and reinforce specific neuro-sensory and motor pathways.
Neural growth factors. Agents that stimulate neural growth, including myelination.

First observed by Dr. Marshall Gosh of Rochester, NY (M. Gosh, et al, Progress in Brain Research, 60, 1983, p. 189).

Stimulates new communication among cells and contributes to growth of neural fibers.

Current research reconfirms this action. (See research reviews available upon request).

4AP

(4-Aminopyridine)

Used to improve nerve conduction in myelin- damaged neural fibers.

Known efficacy in MS and spinal cord injuries.

Potassium channel blocker; prolongs duration of nerve action potentials; improves conduction in demyelinated axons.
Cyst Retinoic Acid A form of Vitamin D. Acts to grow neural fibers in correct spatial orientation for proper conduction.
Creatine Used to enhance physical therapy. Stimulates muscle strength.
Physical Rehabilitation Therapy Strengthens striated muscle groups. Retrains neural pathways used in motor activities.